Does a Family Court Judge Have to Grant Time for a Case to Be Put Together

Official who presides over court proceedings

Judge
Occupation
Judges at the International Court of Justice
Names	Approximate, justice, magistrate
Occupation type	Profession
Activity sectors	Law, Justice
Description
Education required	University caste in police and experience as a lawyer
Fields of employment	Courts
Related jobs	Barrister, prosecutor

A approximate is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or equally a role of a panel of judges. A approximate hears all the witnesses and whatever other show presented by the barristers or solicitors of the case, assesses the credibility and arguments of the parties, and so problems a ruling in the case based on their estimation of the law and their ain personal judgment. A judge is expected to conduct the trial impartially and, typically, in an open up court.

The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and preparation of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. In some jurisdictions, the judge's powers may be shared with a jury. In inquisitorial systems of criminal investigation, a estimate might also be an examining magistrate. The presiding estimate ensures that all court proceedings are lawful and orderly.

Functions [edit]

The ultimate task of a judge is to settle a legal dispute in a final and publicly lawful mode in agreement with substantial partialties. Judges practice significant governmental power. They tin can order constabulary, military machine or judicial officials to execute searches, arrests, imprisonments, garnishments, detrainment, seizures, deportations and like actions. Even so, judges also supervise that trial procedures are followed, in social club to ensure consistency and impartiality and avert arbitrariness. The powers of a approximate are checked by college courts such as appeals courts and supreme courts.

The courtroom usually has iii main legally trained court officials: the judge, the prosecutor and the defence attorney. The role of a judge varies between legal systems. In an adversarial system (common constabulary), as in effect in the U.South. and England, the guess functions equally an impartial referee, mainly ensuring right procedure, while the prosecution and the defence force present their case to a jury, often selected from mutual citizens. The main factfinder is the jury, and the judge will and then finalize sentencing. However, in smaller cases judges tin event summary judgments without proceeding to a jury trial. In an inquisitorial system (civil law), as in effect in continental Europe, there is no jury and the master factfinder is the approximate, who will do the presiding, judging and sentencing on his own. Every bit such, the judge is expected to apply the constabulary directly, as in the French expression Le juge est la bouche de la loi ("The judge is the mouth of the law"). Furthermore, in some system even investigation may exist conducted by the estimate, functioning as an examining magistrate.

Judges may work alone in smaller cases, but in criminal, family unit and other meaning cases, they work in a panel. In some civil police force systems, this panel may include lay judges. Unlike professional judges, lay judges are not legally trained, just different jurors, lay judges are usually volunteers and may be politically appointed. Judges are often assisted by constabulary clerks, referendaries and notaries in legal cases and past bailiffs or similar with security.

Requirements and engagement [edit]

There are both volunteer and professional judges. A volunteer judge, such as an English magistrate, is non required to have legal grooming and is unpaid. Whereas, a professional estimate is required to be legally educated; in the U.S., this generally requires a degree of Juris Medico. Furthermore, significant professional experience is often required; for example, in the U.S., judges are ofttimes appointed from experienced attorneys. Judges are often appointed past the caput of state. In some U.Southward. jurisdictions, however, judges are elected in a political ballot.

Impartiality is often considered important for rule of law. Thus, in many jurisdictions judges may be appointed for life, so that they cannot be removed by the executive. However, in non-democratic systems, the appointment of judges may be highly politicized and they ofttimes receive instructions on how to estimate, and may be removed if their deport does non please the political leadership.

Judge as an occupation [edit]

Judges must be able to research and process extensive lengths of documents, witness testimonies, and other case material, empathize complex cases and possess a thorough understanding of the law and legal procedure, which requires excellent skills in logical reasoning, assay and decision-making. Excellent writing skills are as well a necessity, given the finality and authorisation of the documents written. Judges work with people all the time; by the nature of the task, skillful dispute resolution and interpersonal skills are a necessity.^[1] Judges are required to have skillful moral graphic symbol, i.eastward. at that place must exist no history of crime. Professional judges often enjoy a loftier salary, in the U.S. the median salary of judges is $101,690 per annum,^[1] and federal judges earn $208,000–$267,000 per annum.^[2]

Symbols of office [edit]

17th century Spanish judge in full gowns, by Velázquez.

A variety of traditions have become associated with the rank or occupation. Gavels (a ceremonial hammer) are used by judges in many countries, to the indicate that the gavel has get a symbol of a estimate. In many parts of the globe, judges wear long robes (often in blackness or crimson) and sit down on an elevated platform during trials (known every bit the bench).

American judges often article of clothing black robes. American judges accept ceremonial gavels, although American judges have courtroom deputies or bailiffs and contempt of courtroom ability equally their main devices to maintain decorum in the courtroom. However, in some of the Western U.s., similar California, judges did not ever wear robes and instead wore everyday vesture. Today, some members of state supreme courts, such as the Maryland Court of Appeals vesture distinct dress. In Italia and Portugal, both judges and lawyers wear detail black robes.

In some countries, peculiarly in the Commonwealth of Nations, judges wear wigs. The long wig oft associated with judges is now reserved for ceremonial occasions, although it was part of the standard attire in previous centuries. A short wig resembling just not identical to a barrister's wig (a Demote Wig) would be worn in court. This tradition, however, is being phased out in Britain in non-criminal courts.^[iii]

In Sultanate of oman, the estimate wears a long stripe (scarlet, greenish white), while the attorneys wear the blackness gown.

In Portugal and in the one-time Portuguese Empire, the judges used to conduct a staff that was ruby-red for ordinary judges and white for the judges from the exterior.

Titles and forms of address [edit]

Asia [edit]

Hong Kong [edit]

In Hong Kong, court proceedings are conducted in either English language or Hong Kong Cantonese (a dialect of Yue Chinese). Judges of Hong Kong retain many of the English language traditions such as wearing wigs and robes in trials.

In the lower courts, magistrates are addressed every bit Your worship, and district courtroom judges as Your Laurels.

In the superior courts of record, namely the Court of Final Appeal and the High Court (which consists of the Courtroom of Entreatment and the Court of First Instance), judges are addressed as My Lord or My Lady and referred to as Your Lordship or Your Ladyship, post-obit the English tradition.

In writing, the post-nominal letters PJ is used to refer to a permanent judge of the Court of Final Entreatment and NPJ to a non-permanent judge. In the High Court, the abridgement JA is used to denote a justice of entreatment, and the letter J refers to a judge of the Court of Start Case.

Masters of the High Court are addressed as Master.

When trials are conducted in Chinese, judges were addressed, in Cantonese, as Fat Goon Dai Yan (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官大人, romanized: faat3 gun1 daai6 jan4 , lit.'Judge, your lordship') before the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China, and equally Fatty Goon Gok Ha (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官閣下, romanized: faat3 gun1 gok3 haa6 , lit.'Estimate, your laurels') since 1997. Fat Goon (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官, romanized: faat gun1 , lit.'Gauge') means the word "gauge".

India [edit]

These drawings were taken from life in 1758. From left to right, superlative row: 1. Interpreter, Rhowangee Sewagee. ii. Approximate of the Hindoo Law, Antoba Crustnagee Pundit. 3. Hindoo Officer, Lellather Chatta Bhutt. From left to right, bottom row: 4. Officer to the Mooremen, Mahmoud Ackram of the Codjee gild or priesthood of the cast of Moormens. 5. Judge of the Mohomedan Law, Cajee Husson. vi. Haveldar, or summoning Officer, Mahmound Ismael'.

In India, judges of the Supreme Court and the Loftier Courts were addressed equally Your Lordship or My Lord and Your Ladyship or My Lady, a tradition directly attributable to England. The Bar Council of India had adopted a resolution in April 2006 and added a new Rule 49(ane)(j) in the Advocates Human activity. As per the rule, lawyers tin address the courtroom as Your Honour and refer to information technology as Honourable Court. If information technology is a subordinate courtroom, lawyers can apply terms such as sir or whatsoever equivalent phrase in the regional language concerned. Explaining the rationale behind the move, the Bar Council had held that the words such as My Lord and Your Lordship were "relics of the colonial by". The resolution has since been circulated to all land councils and the Supreme Court for adoption but over v years now, the resolution largely remained on paper.

Yet, in an unprecedented move in October 2009, ane of the judges of Madras HC, Justice Chiliad Chandru had banned lawyers from addressing his courtroom as My Lord and Your Lordship.

Israel [edit]

In Israel, the judges (Hebrew: שופט‬, romanized: shofét , lit.'gauge') of all courts are addressed as Sir, Madam (Hebrew: אדוני‬/גבירתי‬, romanized: adoni/geverti ) or Your Honor (Hebrew: כבודו‬/כבודה‬, romanized: kevodo/kevoda ). Typically after every naming y'all will hear haShofét, pregnant "the judge" after the respective address. For example, Your Accolade the Approximate would be כבוד השופט‬ (kevod haShofét).

Malaysia [edit]

In Malaysia, judges of the subordinate courts are addressed every bit Tuan or Puan ("Sir", "Madam"), or Your Honour. Judges of the superior courts are addressed as Yang Arif (lit. 'Learned Ane') or My Lord, My Lady, etc.; and Your Lordship or My Ladyship if the proceedings, as they by and large are in the superior courts, are in English.

Pakistan [edit]

In Pakistan, judges of the Supreme Court and the high courts are addressed as Your Lordship or My Lord or Lordship and Your Ladyship or My Lady, a tradition directly attributable to England. There is some resistance to this on religious grounds but more or less continues till this 24-hour interval. In lower courts, judges are addressed every bit sir, madam or the Urdu equivalent Janab or Approximate Sahab.

Sri Lanka [edit]

In Sri Lanka, judges of most courts are addressed as Your Honour, nonetheless the Chief Justice is addressed as Your Lordship. Judges of the Supreme Court and the Appeal Courtroom receives the title The Honourable.^{[ citation needed ]}

Vietnam [edit]

Judges in Vietnam are addressed every bit Quý tòa (literally the "Honorable Courtroom").

Europe [edit]

Bulgaria [edit]

In Bulgaria earlier 1989 during the communist authorities, judges were addressed equally drugarju (Bulgarian: другарю, lit.'comrade').^[4] After 1989, gospodín sŭdiya (Bulgarian: господин съдия, lit.'mister estimate') or gospožo sŭdiya (Bulgarian: госпожо съдия, lit.'madam gauge').

Republic of finland [edit]

There is no special class of accost; ordinary politeness is sufficient and the procedure lacks cabalistic rituals. Appropriately, the chairman of the panel is addressed as herra/rouva puheenjohtaja ("Mr./Ms. Chairman"). Finnish judges use gavels, but at that place are no robes or cloaks used in any Finnish courts.^[5]

In a district court (käräjäoikeus), ordinary judges work with the title käräjätuomari and the chairman is laamanni (lawspeaker). They are assisted past notaries (notaari), assessors (asessori) and referendaries (viskaali) who may sometimes even chair sessions. In appeals courts (hovioikeus) an ordinary judge has the title hovioikeudenneuvos, the chairman of a section is hovioikeudenlaamanni and the court is led by a presidentti. In the Supreme Court, judges are titled oikeusneuvos and the court is led by a presidentti.

French republic [edit]

In French republic, the presiding estimate of a courtroom is addressed as Monsieur le président or Madame le président, whilst associated judges are addressed as Monsieur fifty'Assesseur or Madame 50'Assesseur. Out of the courtroom, judges are referred to as Monsieur le juge or Madame le juge.

Germany [edit]

In Germany, judges are addressed as Herr Vorsitzender or Frau Vorsitzende, which translate as "Mister Chairman" and "Madam Chairwoman", or as Hohes Gericht, which translates every bit "Loftier Courtroom".

Hungary [edit]

The male presiding judge of a court is addressed every bit tisztelt bíró úr, which means "Honourable Mister Guess" and a female presiding judge is addressed as tisztelt bírónő, which means "Honourable Madam Judge". The court as a body tin be addressed as tisztelt bíróság, which ways "Honourable Court".

Ireland [edit]

Judges of the Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, or High Court are officially titled The Honourable Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss Justice Surname (Irish: An Breitheamh Onórach Uasal [surname]), and informally referred to for curt equally Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss Justice Surname. In court, they are addressed either by their respective titles or styles, as The Courtroom (An Chúirt), or simply Judge (A Bhreithimh).^[six] In law reports, the Principal Justice of Ireland has the postnominal CJ, the Presidents of the other Courts take the postnominal P, and all other judges J, e.chiliad. Smith J.

Judges of the Circuit Courtroom are titled His/Her Accolade Judge Surname and are addressed in Court as Judge. Earlier 2006, they were addressed as My Lord (A thiarna) .

Judges of the District Court are titled Estimate Surname and addressed in Court every bit Judge. Before 1991 these judges were known as District Justices and addressed as Your Worship (d'Onóra).

Italy [edit]

In Italian republic, the presiding judge of a court is addressed as Signor presidente della corte.

Netherlands [edit]

In the Netherlands, presiding judges of either sexual practice are, in writing but, addressed edelachtbare ("Your Honor") for judges in the Court of First Instance, edelgrootachtbare ("Your Great Honour") for justices in the Court of Appeal and edelhoogachtbare ("Your Loftier Honour") for justices in the High Council of kingdom of the netherlands (Supreme Court).

Poland [edit]

In Poland, presiding judges of either sexual activity during trial are addressed Wysoki Sądzie ("High Court").

Portugal [edit]

In Portugal, presiding judges during trial are addressed equally Meretíssimo Juiz when a man or Meretíssima Juíza when a woman (meaning "About Worthy Judge") or as Vossa Excelência ("Your Excellency") when not specifying gender.

Romania [edit]

In Romania, judges during trial are addressed as Onorata Instanta (Your Honor).^[7]

Russian federation [edit]

In Russia, Vasha Breast (Russian: Ваша Честь, lit.'Your Award') is used for criminal cases only with the i judge presiding.^[eight] For ceremonious, commercial and criminal cases presided over past a panel of judges the right accost is Honorable Court.^[8] ^[ix] ^[10]

Spain [edit]

In Kingdom of spain, magistrates of the Supreme Court, magistrates and judges are addressed to every bit "Your Lordship" (Su Señoría); still, in formal occasions, magistrates of the Supreme Court are addressed to every bit "Your Nigh Excellent Lordship" (Vuestra Señoría Excelentísima or Excelentísimo Señor/Excelentísima Señora); in those solemn occasions, magistrates of lower Courts are addressed as "Your Near Illustrious Lordship" (Vuestra Señoría Ilustrísima or Ilustrísimo Señor/Ilustrísima Señora); simple judges are ever called "Your Lordship".

Sweden [edit]

In Sweden, the presiding judge of a court is normally addressed as Herr Ordförande or Fru Ordförande, which translate as "Mister Chairman" and "Madam Chairwoman".

United Kingdom [edit]

England and Wales [edit]

In the Courts of England and Wales, Supreme Courtroom judges are called Justices of the Supreme Court. Justices of the Supreme Court who practice not hold life peerages are now given the courtesy style "Lord" or "Lady".^[11] Justices of the Supreme Court are addressed as "My Lord/Lady" in court. In the law reports, the Justices of the Supreme Court are usually referred to as "Lord/Lady Due north", although the Weekly Law Reports appends the postal service-nominal letters "JSC" (e.g. "Lady Smith JSC"). The President and Deputy President of the Courtroom are afforded the post-nominal letters PSC and DPSC respectively. Only experienced barristers or solicitors are usually appointed every bit judges.

Judges of the High Court and Court of Appeal are addressed (when sitting in those courts) as "My Lord" or "My Lady" and referred to as "Your Lordship" or "Your Ladyship".

Judges of the Court of Appeal, also called Lords Justice of Appeal, are referred to every bit "Lord Justice N" or "Lady Justice N". In legal writing, Lords Justices of Appeal are afforded the mail service nominal letters "LJ": for example, Smith LJ.

When a Justice of the High Court who is not present is being referred to they are described as "Mr./Mrs./Ms. Justice Northward." In legal writing, the post-nominal letter "J" is used to denote a Justice (male or female) of the High Court: for example, Smith J. Masters of the Loftier Courtroom are addressed as "Main". Insolvency and Companies Court judges in the High Court are addressed every bit "Approximate".

Circuit judges and recorders are addressed as "Your Accolade". Excursion judges are referred to every bit "His/Her Honour Gauge Northward". In writing, this title is occasionally abbreviated as "HHJ" or "HH Judge Northward", but not in legal writing. District judges and tribunal judges are addressed as "Sir/Madam".

Lay magistrates are sometimes withal addressed as "Your Worship" in much of England. Lay magistrates are also addressed as "Sir/Madam".

Scotland [edit]

In the Courts of Scotland judges in the Court of Session, High Court of Justiciary and the sheriff courts are all addressed every bit "My Lord" or "My Lady" and referred to as "Your Lordship" or "Your Ladyship".

Justices of the peace in justice of the peace courts are addressed and referred to equally "Your Honour".

Northern Ireland [edit]

The judicial organisation of Northern Ireland is very like to that of England and Wales, and superior court judges are addressed the aforementioned style as those in England and Wales. However, there are a few differences at the lower levels.

In Northern Republic of ireland, the equivalent to a excursion guess is a canton courtroom judge, and they are addressed and titled the same way as a excursion judge is in England and Wales. The senior county court judges assigned to the county courtroom divisions of Belfast and Derry have the titles of Recorder of Belfast and Recorder of Londonderry (or Derry) respectively, but are addressed the same every bit other county court judges. A district judge sitting in the Canton Courtroom is addressed every bit "Your Honour".

A district judge (magistrates' court) is addressed as "Your Worship". A lay magistrate, in cases where they are present, is also addressed as "Your Worship", and may employ the mail service-nominals "LM", due east.grand. "John Smith LM".^[12]

North America [edit]

Canada [edit]

In general, Canadian judges may be addressed directly, depending on the province, as "My Lord", "My Lady", "Your Accolade" or "Justice" and are formally referred to in the tertiary person every bit "The Honourable Mr. (or Madam) Justice 'Forename Surname'". Less formally, judges of a Superior Court are referred to as "Justice 'Surname'", non as "Judge 'Surname.'" When referred to in a decision of a courtroom, judges' titles are often abbreviated to the suffix "J.", and so that Justice Smith will be referred to as Smith J. Judges in some superior courts are addressed as "My Lord" or "My Lady".^[13] In Ontario, judges are rarely referred to as "My Lord" or "My Lady", but merely as "Your Laurels" at the Ontario Superior Courtroom of Justice.^[14] Formerly, translations of these titles such as Votre Honneur ("your honour") or Votre Seigneurie ("your lordship") were used in French; today, but Monsieur le juge and Madame la juge are officially used. Both the titles "judge" and "justice" are translated juge.

Generally, it is only appropriate to use the term "judge" when speaking of an bearding or general position, such as "the trial judge", or when referring to a member of an inferior or provincial court such as the Ontario Court of Justice. The exception is Citizenship Judges who are referred to only equally "Judge 'Surname'" in accord with their date every bit independent decision makers of the Citizenship Commission.

Like other members of the Democracy, a justice of the peace is addressed as "Your Worship", and a Master of a Superior Courtroom is referred to as "Master". As of December 7, 2018, Ontario Court Masters are addressed in English language every bit "Your Accolade" and in French as "Votre Honneur" and no longer as "Principal".

The states [edit]

In many states throughout the United States, a judge is addressed every bit "Your Honor" or "Judge" when presiding over the court. "Gauge" may be more than commonly used by attorneys and staff, while either may be normally used past the plaintiff or defendant. Notably, the Superior Courtroom of Los Angeles County, the largest unified trial court in the The states, has a dominion that the judge shall be addressed only as "Your Accolade" while in court, and never every bit "Guess", "Gauge (name)", "ma'am", or "sir".^[fifteen] This is somewhat unusual as "Judge" and "Judge (proper noun)" or similar forms of address are considered appropriate and respectful in many other courts.

The judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, and the judges of the supreme courts of several US states and other countries are called "justices". Justices of the Supreme Courtroom of the U.s.a. and Justices of other courts are addressed equally "Justice (name)". The Chief Justice of the United States is formally addressed as "Mr. or Madam Chief Justice" but also may be identified and addressed as "Chief Justice (name)".

The justices of the supreme courts ordinarily hold higher offices than whatever other judges in a jurisdiction, including a justice of the peace, a approximate who holds police court in some jurisdictions and who may also effort pocket-size claims and misdemeanors. However, the Land of New York inverts this usual order. The initial trial courtroom in this state is called the Supreme Courtroom of New York, and its judges are called "justices". The next highest appellate courtroom is the Supreme Courtroom, Appellate Division, whose judges are as well chosen "justices". However, the highest court in New York is called the New York Courtroom of Appeals, whose members are chosen "judges".

Judges in certain jurisdictions, such equally New York and New Jersey, who deal with guardianships, trusts and estates are known every bit "surrogates".

A senior judge, in Usa practice, is a retired judge who handles selected cases for a governmental entity while in retirement, on a part-fourth dimension basis.

Subordinate or inferior jurisdiction judges in The states legal practice are sometimes called magistrates, although in the federal court of the United States, they are called magistrate judges. Subordinate judges in US legal do who are appointed on a instance-by-case footing, particularly in cases where a neat deal of detailed and tedious bear witness must be reviewed, are often called "masters" or "special masters" and have authority in a detail case often adamant on a example-by-case basis.

Judges of courts of specialized jurisdiction (such as defalcation courts or juvenile courts) were sometimes known officially equally "referees", only the use of this championship is in turn down. Judges sitting in courts of disinterestedness in common police systems (such as judges in the equity courts of Delaware) are chosen "chancellors".

Individuals with judicial responsibilities who report to an executive branch official, rather than being a part of the judiciary, are often called "administrative law judges" in United states of america practise. They were previously known every bit hearing examiners. They ordinarily brand initial determinations regarding matters such as workers' compensation, eligibility for regime benefits, regulatory matters, and immigration determinations.

Judges who derive their say-so from a contractual understanding of the parties to a dispute, rather than a governmental body, are called arbitrators. They typically exercise not receive the honorific forms of address nor do they bear the symbolic trappings of a publicly appointed estimate. Withal, it is at present common for many retired judges to serve as arbitrators, and they will often write their names every bit if they were still judges, with the parenthetical "(Ret.)" for "Retired".

Unlike many civil law countries which have some courts on which panels of judges with nearly equal condition composed of both legally trained professional judges and lay judges who lack legal training and are not career judges, the The states legal arrangement (like well-nigh Anglo-American legal systems) makes a clear distinction between professional judges and laypeople involved in deciding a instance who are jurors who are role of a jury. Almost but non all US judges have professional credentials every bit lawyers. Non-lawyer judges in the Us are often elected, and are typically either justices of the peace or role-fourth dimension judges in rural limited jurisdiction courts. A non-lawyer guess typically has the aforementioned rights and responsibilities as a lawyer who is a judge property the aforementioned office and is addressed in the same style.

Oceania [edit]

Australia [edit]

In Australia judges and, since 2007, magistrates, of all jurisdictions including the High Court of Australia are at present addressed as "Your Honour". In legal contexts, they are referred to equally "His/Her Honour" and "the Honourable Justice Surname" (for judges of superior courts) or "his/her Honour Estimate Surname" (for inferior courts). Outside legal contexts, the formal terms of address are "Judge" (for puisne justices) or "Principal Justice" (for chief justices).

The title for well-nigh puisne judges is "Justice", which is abbreviated in constabulary reports to a postnominal "J", in the form "Surname J". Master Justices of the Loftier Court and of land Supreme Courts are titled "Chief Justice", which is abbreviated in police reports to a postnomial "CJ". Judges in State Supreme Courts with a separate Courtroom of Appeal partition (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia) are referred to every bit Justices/Judges of the Appeal (abbreviated "Surname JA"), while the President of the Courtroom of Appeal is referred to as "President" (abbreviated "Surname P").^[16]

New Zealand [edit]

In New Zealand, judges of the District Courtroom of New Zealand mostly referred to as "His/Her Honour" or "Sir/Madame". Judges from the High Court, Appeals Courtroom, and Supreme Court are referred to as "Justice [Surname]". In social settings, information technology is appropriate to use "Approximate" in all cases.^[17]

South America [edit]

Brazil [edit]

In Brazil, judges are but called "Juiz" or "Juíza" (male and female person forms of "approximate") and traditionally addressed to every bit "Vossa Excelência" (lit. 'Your Excellency', translated as 'Your Accolade') or "Meritíssimo" ('Honorable', but information technology is used as a pronoun also translated as 'Your Honor'). Judges that are part of a panel in a Land Court, or Federal Courtroom are called "desembargadores". Judges sitting in the higher courts (Supremo Tribunal Federal, Superior Tribunal de Justiça, Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, Superior Tribunal Militar and Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) are chosen "ministro" or "ministra" (male person and female forms of "minister") and likewise referred to equally "Vossa Excelência".

International courts [edit]

At the International Court of Justice, judges may be addressed past the titles they received in their countries of origin.^{[ citation needed ]}

Judges of the International Criminal Court are referred to equally "gauge".^{[ citation needed ]}

Biblical and Israeli judges [edit]

The biblical Volume of Judges revolves around a succession of leaders who were known as "judges" (Hebrew shoftim שופטים) but who – bated from their judicial function – were also tribal state of war leaders. The leaders of Ancient Carthage were designated with this title as well. The same word is, however, used in contemporary Israel to denote judges whose function and authority is similar to that in other modern countries. The same word is also used in modern Hebrew for referees in any kind of contest and in item in sport. To distinguish them from judicial judges and from each other, the kind of the competition is added later the word "shofet" in the Construct state (e.m. "shofet kaduregel" שופט כדורגל, literally "judge of soccer").

References [edit]

^ ^a ^b "What Does It Have to Be a Judge? Job Description and Career Profile". thebalance.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2017. Retrieved xviii March 2018.
^ "Judicial Compensation". Us Courts . Retrieved 2018-08-20 .
^ "Hosted.ap.org". Archived from the original on 2021-04-28. Retrieved 2007-07-12 .
^ Корнажер, П. – "Съдебна реторика. Избрани съдебни речи", ИК Софи-Р, С., 2000, с. 77
^ "Oikeustiede:oikeudenkäyntirituaalit/laajempi kuvaus – Tieteen termipankki". tieteentermipankki.fi. Archived from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved eighteen March 2018.
^ Ireland, Courts Service of. "Rules and Fees: Fashion of address : Court Rules : Courts Service of Ireland". www.courts.ie.
^ "Ce ai voie sa faci si ce nu la tribunal". MAGNA GRATIA - Literatură creștină de calitate. Totul gratuit.
^ ^a ^b "Criminal Procedure Code of Russian federation, Article 257. Regulations of the court session". Consultant.ru. Archived from the original on 2013-01-23. Retrieved 2013-06-11 .
^ "Civil Process Code of Russia, Article 158. Process of the courtroom session". Consultant.ru. Archived from the original on 2013-07-08. Retrieved 2013-06-11 .
^ "Arbitral Process Code of Russia, Article 154. Procedure of the court session". Consultant.ru. Archived from the original on 2013-05-12. Retrieved 2013-06-11 .
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-07. Retrieved 2010-12-14 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as title (link)
^ "A Guide to Judicial Careers in Northern Ireland" (PDF). Northern Ireland Judicial Appointments Committee. April 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-18.
^ "Albertacourts.ab.ca". Albertacourts.ab.ca. Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2013-06-eleven .
^ "Ontario Justice Teaching Network Handout: The Jurisdiction of Ontario Courts" (PDF). Ontario Justice Pedagogy Network. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-28. Retrieved 2016-02-23 .
^ Rule 3.95, Los Angeles Superior Court Rules.
^ New South Wales Supreme Court, Addressing Judicial Officers Archived 2013-08-eighteen at the Wayback Auto
^ "New Zealand Police force Lodge". www.lawsociety.org.nz. Archived from the original on 2017-03-01. Retrieved 2017-03-01 .

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Judges.

Look upward gauge in Wiktionary, the free lexicon.

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Judges

State of California Commission of Judicial Performance
CEPEJ European commission for the efficiency of justice.
CCJE European consultative council of judges.
How sentencing works: You be the Judge
Directgov Crown Court – what it does (Directgov, England and Wales)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judge